![]() The influence of illumination on the speed selection and safety of drivers has been studied by many scholars. As the illumination of the driver’s environment increases, the driver’s visibility of an obstacle will be reduced due to the high brightness of the surrounding environment. Whether the driver can accurately visualize an obstacle in front, the difference between the brightness of the obstacle and the contrast of the environment, and the illumination of the environment in which the driver is located are important factors. In a dark night environment, it is difficult to form a clear image on the retina due to insufficient light entering the driver’s eyes, so it is more difficult for the driver to perceive road environment information. Most traffic accidents are caused by poor line-of-sight conditions. Through continuous perception of road environment information, the driver can make behavioural decisions and guide the cyclic feedback process of driving behaviour. In the process of driving, more than 90% of the information that the driver has is obtained by visual perception. Driver’s visual characteristics and cognitive ability are directly affected by insufficient illumination thus, driving behaviour is also affected, showing a difference from normal illumination conditions. A comparative test of low illumination and normal illumination was conducted to analyse the effects of environmental illumination and speed on the recognition time of objects with different colors, and a measurement model of vehicle speed, dynamic low illumination, and recognition time was built. Rackoff and Rockwell showed that the safety of driving at night could be improved by increasing environmental illumination to meet drivers’ demands for visual information. These studies found that visual sensitivities decrease linearly with a decrease in illumination. Previous studies have examined the effect of illumination on visual sensitivity. ![]() Ī series of studies have been carried out on the effects of illumination on driving behaviours, especially drivers’ visual characteristics. According to statistics, 80 to 90% of road traffic accidents in China are caused by human factors, especially driving behaviours, as traffic accidents caused by driving errors constitute 70–80%. Studies have shown that motor vehicle drivers are one of the main factors leading to traffic accidents. The driver is in a dominant position in the transportation system. A study on truck-involved accidents has found that the probability of severe injury increases in the low illumination condition. The probability and severity of traffic accidents in low-illumination environmental conditions at night are much higher than those in the daytime. Among the total number of traffic accidents, 46% to 54% of accidents occurred at night, while the traffic volume during this period was 10%∼30% of that in the daytime, causing approximately 60% of the total number of deaths. Night accidents are frequent and serious. Driving speed in night-driving environment with street lights also has a positive influence on speed selection behaviour in low illumination ( β = 0.61 β = 0.28 β = 0.37). Risk perception ability has a significant negative impact on speed selection behaviour on roads with speed limits of 80 km/h and 120 km/h ( β = −0.25 and β = −0.34, respectively). Technical driving ability under low-illumination conditions of street lights has the greatest influence on speed selection behaviour on a road with a speed limit of 120 km/h ( β = 0.51). In a low-illumination environment, driving ability has a significant influence on a driver’s speed selection behaviour. Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was no correlation among age, education, accidents in the past 3 years, and speed selection behaviour in low illumination, but gender, driving experience, number of night-driving days per week, and average annual mileage were significantly correlated with speed selection behaviour. The reliability and validity of 243 questionnaires were tested, and multiple linear regression was used to analyse the comprehensive influence of demographic variables, driving speed in a low-illumination environment with street lights and driving ability on speed selection behaviour in low illumination without street lights. To better understand a driver’s driving speed selection behaviour in low illumination, a self-designed questionnaire was applied to investigate driving ability in low illumination, and the influencing factors of low-illumination driving speed selection behaviour were discussed from the driver’s perspective.
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